نقد حدیث میں ائمہ اربعہ کے امتیازی اصولوں کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

An Analytical Study of the Distinctive Principles of the Four Imams in Hadith Criticism

Abstract

This research article provides a critical examination of the distinctive principles of Hadith criticism employed by the four great Imams: Abu Hanifah, Malik ibn Anas, Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i, and Ahmad ibn Hanbal. While sharing foundational elements such as the authenticity of chains of narration and alignment with the Quran and Sunnah, each Imam developed unique approaches shaped by their historical, geographical, and intellectual contexts. The study explores these principles, including Abu Hanifah's emphasis on rational analogy, Malik's reliance on Medinan practice, Shafi'i's stringent chain requirements, and Ahmad's preference for weak Hadiths over analogy in certain cases. Through comparative analysis and critical evaluation, the article highlights how these methodologies contributed to the diversity and comprehensiveness of Islamic jurisprudence. Drawing on classical sources and modern scholarship, it addresses criticisms, influences, and the enduring legacy of these principles in contemporary Hadith studies. The discussion underscores the balance between textual fidelity and contextual adaptation, offering insights for ongoing scholarly discourse in Usul al-Hadith.