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DISCUSSIONS ON HISTORICISM AND NEO-HISTORICISM IN URDU

Abstract

One difference between historicism and new historicism is that new historicism is based on the idea that culture is not a holistic, unitary system, but rather the product of different attitudes and concepts that are not themselves the result of a series of texts. In other words, literature is partly constituted by and within a cultural system. Also, literature is distinct only by its own formation, otherwise this same cultural system is also at work in other manifestations of the mind and consciousness, and those manifestations also produce culture in their place. This is a double process. The concept of this double process of culture or history is the religion of structuralism thought.

The result of this new concept of historicism is a literary criticism that studies literature in the light of political, social, economic, religious and artistic attitudes and methods in such a way that all of these are also historically determined, that is, text-based. As a result of Foucault's works, structuralism thought moved beyond the concerns of language and meaning to issues of history and culture, and a radical perspective on thinking about history emerged. Foucault's point is structuralism, that all culture is inherently determinate. Foucault calls all manifestations and traces of culture the "archaeology" of history, in which he includes all linguistic expressions, including poetry, literature, language, linguistics, and the episteme that colors the thought of any historical period.